热点聚焦：Spring的Factories机制介绍

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Java 的 SPI 机制Java SpringBoot 加载 yml 配置文件中字典项

Spring的Factories就是Spring版本的Java Spi。 Spring Factories的最重要的功能就是：可以通过配置文件指定Spring容器加载一些特定的组件。Spring Factories是一种类似于Java SPI的机制，它在META-INF/spring.factories文件中配置接口的实现类名称，然后在程序中读取这些配置文件并实例化。

Spring Factories机制提供了一种解耦容器注入的方式，帮助外部包（独立于spring-boot项目）注册Bean到spring boot项目容器中。

Spring容器管理的Bean的路径不在 Spring Boot 项目的扫描路径下

在Spring Boot 项目中配置ComponentScan注解的扫描路径，添加需要被扫描的方法。通过在Spring Boot 项目中添加@EnableAutoConfiguration注解，并自定义@EnableXXXXConfiguration的注解，通过注解中的方法注入Bean。

spring.factories的是通过Properties解析得到的，所以我们在写文件中的内容都是安装下面这种方式配置的：com.xxx.interface=com.xxx.classname

在Spring Boot的很多包中都能够找到spring.factories文件，接下来我们以spring-boot包为例进行介绍

# Initializersorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener# Application Listenersorg.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer# Auto Configuration Import Listenersorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener# Auto Configuration Import Filtersorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition# Auto Configureorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration# Failure analyzersorg.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisUrlSyntaxFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationScriptMissingFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.ConnectionFactoryBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer# Template availability providersorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider

在日常工作中，我们可能需要实现一些SDK或者Spring Boot Starter给被人使用时，我们就可以使用Factories机制。Factories机制可以让SDK或者Starter的使用只需要很少或者不需要进行配置，只需要在服务中引入我们的jar包即可。